Full-hardware design and application of memristor neural networks based on Widrow–Hoff algorithm circuitXiaoyuan Wang, Xinrui Zhang, Xiaolu Lucia Li, Zhonghai Zhang and Herbert Ho-Ching IuEur. Phys. J. Spec. Top., 234 28 (2026) 8733-8744DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02081-1