First-order pinning interaction in type-II superconductors with Ginzburg–Landau descriptions Yingxu Li, Guozheng Kang and Yuanwen Gao Eur. Phys. J. B, 92 5 (2019) 107 Published online: 20 May 2019 DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2019-100030-5