Oscillator-based optimization: design, emulation, and implementation Bakr Al Beattie, Maximiliane Noll, Hermann Kohlstedt and Karlheinz Ochs Eur. Phys. J. B, 97 1 (2024) 7 Published online: 15 January 2024 DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-023-00644-6