Fractional and stochastic dynamics of predator–prey systems: The role of fear and global warming Ashraf Adnan Thirthar, Abdesslem Lamrani Alaoui, Subarna Roy and Pankaj Kumar Tiwari Eur. Phys. J. B, 98 7 (2025) 147 Published online: 10 July 2025 DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00992-5