Patterns of gauge symmetry in the background field method A. C. Aguilar, M. N. Ferreira, D. Ibañez, B. M. Oliveira and J. Papavassiliou Eur. Phys. J. C, 83 1 (2023) 86 Published online: 28 January 2023 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11219-1