Lotka–Volterra models for extraterrestrial self-replicating probes Yifan Chen, Jiayi Ni and Yen Chin Ong Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 137 10 (2022) 1109 Published online: 06 October 2022 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03320-3